According to Bede, when Benedict Biscop wanted glass for his new monasteries at Wearmouth (in AD 675) and Jarrow (in AD 685), he had to import glaziers from France as there was no one in England who knew how to make windows. Window glass has been found at a dozen ecclesiastical sites, including Jarrow and Monkwearmouth, Whithorn, and Winchester: analysis of the seventh- and eighth-century glass from Jarrow and Monkwearmouth suggests that some of the raw material for the glass came from the Levant (modern-day Lebanon and Israel), emphasizing that it was a luxury product. The English did not have the raw materials to manufacture their own glass, relying instead on cullet—recycled glass, either imported, or reused Roman material.