‘Lollard’ is an insulting term applied to people inspired by the teachings of John Wyclif – the radical Oxford theologian who was active in the 1370s and 1380s under the protection of Henry’s grandfather John of Gaunt. Lollards believe in Church reform. They despise the idea of churchmen holding wealth and property. They dismiss as superstitious nonsense concepts such as transubstantiation (the bread and wine of the Eucharist literally becoming Christ’s body and blood). They reject many other commonplaces of Christian practice – including baptism, confession, priestly ordination and the adoration of images.