İngiliz donanma gücünün kısa vadeli zayıflatılması

Throughout the thirteenth century English kings undermined the foundations of English naval strength. They sought short-term solutions, such as bartering away trading rights or seizing wool. The result was a downward spiral. Foreign traders got more business, English shippers suffered, which meant that the Crown had to rely on foreigners even more. The cost of war increased as the Crown had to hire non-English ships for maritime ventures such as the wars against Wales and Scotland.