Along with fiefs came the language of feudalism. The vocabulary of all the peoples on the peripheries of Frankish Europe is marked by loan words, often originally from the French, describing the equipment and habits of the immigrant mounted warriors who settled in the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The Hungarian words for ‘helmet’, ‘armour’, ‘castle’, ‘tower’, ‘tournament’, ‘duke’, ‘fief’ and ‘marshal’ are all loan words from German, several of them, like ‘tournament’, having been in turn borrowed by German from French. The Germanic word ‘rider’ (modern German Ritter, ‘knight’) was used in medieval Ireland (ritire) and Bohemia (rytiry) for a knight. The Polish and Czech words for fief are direct borrowings from the German Lehen. In southern Italy the Normans made the word ‘fief’, which had been a rarity, common currency. New arrivals brought new terms, reflecting different concepts of social and legal relationships.